A primary objective of news articles is to establish the factual record for an event, frequently achieved by conveying both the details of the specified event (i.e., the 5 Ws; Who, What, Where, When and Why regarding the event) and how people reacted to it (i.e., reported statements). However, existing work on news summarization almost exclusively focuses on the event details. In this work, we propose the novel task of summarizing the reactions of different speakers, as expressed by their reported statements, to a given event. To this end, we create a new multi-document summarization benchmark, SUMREN, comprising 745 summaries of reported statements from various public figures obtained from 633 news articles discussing 132 events. We propose an automatic silver training data generation approach for our task, which helps smaller models like BART achieve GPT-3 level performance on this task. Finally, we introduce a pipeline-based framework for summarizing reported speech, which we empirically show to generate summaries that are more abstractive and factual than baseline query-focused summarization approaches.

In collective decision-making, designing algorithms that use only local information to effect swarm-level behaviour is a non-trivial problem. We used machine learning techniques to teach swarm members to map their local perceptions of the environment to an optimal action. A curriculum inspired by Machine Education approaches was designed to facilitate this learning process and teach the members the skills required for optimal performance in the collective perception problem. We extended upon previous approaches by creating a curriculum that taught agents resilience to malicious influence. The experimental results show that well-designed rules-based algorithms can produce effective agents. When performing opinion fusion, we implemented decentralised resilience by having agents dynamically weight received opinion. We found a non-significant difference between constant and dynamic weights, suggesting that momentum-based opinion fusion is perhaps already a resilience mechanism.

由于对高效有效的大数据分析解决方案的需求，医疗保健行业中数据分析的合并已取得了重大进展。知识图（KGS）已在该领域证明了效用，并且植根于许多医疗保健应用程序，以提供更好的数据表示和知识推断。但是，由于缺乏代表性的kg施工分类法，该指定领域中的几种现有方法不足和劣等。本文是第一个提供综合分类法和鸟类对医疗kg建筑的眼光的看法。此外，还对与各种医疗保健背景相关的学术工作中最新的技术进行了彻底的检查。这些技术是根据用于知识提取的方法，知识库和来源的类型以及合并评估协议的方法进行了严格评估的。最后，报道和讨论了文献中的一些研究发现和现有问题，为这个充满活力的地区开放了未来研究的视野。

自我监督的语音表示，如Wav2Vec 2.0和Hubert正在自动语音识别（ASR）中进行革命性进展。但是，未经监督模型没有完全证明在ASR以外的任务中产生更好的性能。在这项工作中，我们探索了Wav2Vec 2.0和Hubert预先训练模型的部分微调和整个微调，适用于三个非ASR语音任务：语音情感识别，发言者验证和口语理解。我们还比较带有/没有ASR微调的预训练型号。通过简单的下游框架，最佳分数对IEMocap上的语音情感识别的加权精度达到79.58％，扬声器验证对voxcereB1的2.36％，意图分类的准确性为87.51％，Slotp的槽填充的75.32％f1，因此为这三个基准设置新的最先进，证明了微调Wave2VEC 2.0和Hubert模型可以更好地学习韵律，语音印刷和语义表示。

Through solving pretext tasks, self-supervised learning leverages unlabeled data to extract useful latent representations replacing traditional input features in the downstream task. In audio/speech signal processing, a wide range of features where engineered through decades of research efforts. As it turns out, learning to predict such features (a.k.a pseudo-labels) has proven to be a particularly relevant pretext task, leading to useful self-supervised representations which prove to be effective for downstream tasks. However, methods and common practices for combining such pretext tasks for better performance on the downstream task have not been explored and understood properly. In fact, the process relies almost exclusively on a computationally heavy experimental procedure, which becomes intractable with the increase of the number of pretext tasks. This paper introduces a method to select a group of pretext tasks among a set of candidates. The method we propose estimates calibrated weights for the partial losses corresponding to the considered pretext tasks during the self-supervised training process. The experiments conducted on automatic speech recognition, speaker and emotion recognition validate our approach, as the groups selected and weighted with our method perform better than classic baselines, thus facilitating the selection and combination of relevant pseudo-labels for self-supervised representation learning.